{"id":270,"date":"2024-08-16T15:50:24","date_gmt":"2024-08-16T13:50:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/?p=270"},"modified":"2024-08-16T15:51:20","modified_gmt":"2024-08-16T13:51:20","slug":"pamatka-sv-maxmiliana-kolbeho-kneze-a-mucednika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/?p=270","title":{"rendered":"Pam\u00e1tka sv. Maxmili\u00e1na Kolbeho, kn\u011bze a mu\u010dedn\u00edka"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/m.liturgie.cz\/misal\/08sanctoral\/08_14.htm\">Liturgick\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e bychom se ocitli 10.\u0159\u00edjna 1982 ve Vatik\u00e1nu na svatopetrsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, tak by n\u00e1s asi p\u0159ekvapila jedna nepatrnost. Mezi spoustami lidi p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed byl \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd se sv\u00fdm vzhledem odli\u0161oval od ostatn\u00edch. Byl to Franti\u0161ek Gajowniczek, kter\u00fd oble\u010den do v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00e9ho mund\u00faru stoj\u00ed se svou rodinou pod balk\u00f3nem, ze kter\u00e9ho pape\u017e Jan Pavle II. kanonizoval polsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9ho kn\u011bze Maxmili\u00e1na Maria Kolbe, jeho\u017e mu\u010dednickou smrt dnes v liturgii slav\u00edme. Jeho \u010din, kter\u00fdm dal sv\u016fj \u017eivot v koncetra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e Auschwitz-Birkenau jako v\u00fdkupn\u00e9 za \u017eivot otce rodiny, je mysl\u00edm v\u0161em dostate\u010dn\u011b zn\u00e1m. Kdo tedy byl tento kn\u011bz a jak\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed n\u00e1m zanechal pro dne\u0161n\u00ed dobu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Narodil se do chud\u00e9 polsk\u00e9 rodiny na \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed carsk\u00e9ho Ruska. U\u017e od mlad\u00ed mlad\u00fd Rajmund, takov\u00e9 bylo jeho civiln\u00ed jm\u00e9no, projevoval neobvykl\u00e9 nad\u00e1n\u00ed. Rodina byla chud\u00e1 a i kdy\u017e cht\u011bl cht\u011bl studovat na kn\u011bze, stejn\u011b jako jeho bratr Franti\u0161ek, z finan\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f to nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9. Ale d\u00edky pomoci okol\u00ed nakonec oba brat\u0159i tajn\u011b odch\u00e1zej\u00ed do Lvova v Rakousku-Uhersku, kde minorit\u00e9 otev\u00edraj\u00ed chlapeck\u00e9 gymn\u00e1zium. Rajmund i kdy\u017e myslel v\u00e1\u017en\u011b sv\u00e9 kn\u011b\u017estv\u00ed, tak jej l\u00e1kalo v\u011bdeck\u00e9 studium v oboru exaktn\u00edch v\u011bd. Jeho cestu ke kn\u011b\u017estv\u00ed, ale nakonec obr\u00e1tili rodi\u010de, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozhodli tak\u00e9 vstoupit do \u0159eholn\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed. To rozhodlo a Rajmund po\u017e\u00e1dal o vstup do \u0159\u00e1du sv. Franti\u0161ka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159eholn\u00ed jm\u00e9no Maxmili\u00e1n a v roce 1911 skl\u00e1d\u00e1 sv\u00e9 1. \u0159eholn\u00ed sliby a odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed studovat do \u0158\u00edma. Po vypuknut\u00ed 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky jeho otec odch\u00e1z\u00ed do legi\u00ed za osvobozen\u00ed Polska a tak\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed bratr opou\u0161t\u00ed \u0159eholi a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se legion\u00e1\u0159em. Otec v boji za svobodu um\u00edr\u00e1 a bratr Franti\u0161ek je t\u011b\u017ece ran\u011bn. Maxmili\u00e1n jde ale jinou cestou, i kdy\u017e tak\u00e9 tou\u017eil bojovat za svobodu Polska. Tu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee po osvobozen\u00ed Polska bude vlast pot\u0159ebovat mlad\u00e9 a vzd\u011blan\u00e9 kn\u011bze a tomuto \u00fakolu pod\u0159izuje v\u0161e. V roce 1914 skl\u00e1d\u00e1 Maxmili\u00e1n v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 sliby a p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 ke sv\u00e9mu \u0159eholn\u00edmu jm\u00e9nu jm\u00e9no Maria. 1915 z\u00edskal na Gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b doktor\u00e1t z filozofie a pak pokra\u010duje teologick\u00fdmi studiemi. Jeho spiritualita je velmi ovlivn\u011bna karmelitkou Terezii od D\u00edt\u011bte Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. V dal\u0161\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b v sob\u011b rozv\u00edjel nejen zbo\u017enost, ale i zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u00factu k Neposkvrn\u011bn\u00e9 bohorodi\u010dce pann\u011b&nbsp; Marii. V roce 1917 zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 sdru\u017een\u00ed nazvan\u00e9 Ryt\u00ed\u0159stvo Neposkvrn\u011bn\u00e9 a v roce 1927 iniciuje vznik kl\u00e1\u0161tera minorit\u016f Nepokalanov, kde se p\u011bstovala mezi \u0159eholn\u00edky Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e1 \u00facta. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 byla tak\u00e9&nbsp; jeho misijn\u00ed \u010dinnost v Japonsku v letech 1930 &#8211; 1936.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po vypuknut\u00ed II. sv\u011btov\u00e9&nbsp;v\u00e1lky a por\u00e1\u017ece Polska je sice se spolubratry uv\u011bzn\u011bn a pak n\u00e1sledn\u011b propu\u0161t\u011bn, ale po roce je op\u011bt zat\u010den a posl\u00e1n do koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora, kde nab\u00eddl sv\u016fj \u017eivot v\u00fdm\u011bnou za \u017eivot n\u00e1hodn\u011b vybran\u00e9ho spoluv\u011bzn\u011b k trestu smrti hladem. Do \u201cbunkru smrti\u201d chodil tlumo\u010dit jeden z polsk\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kter\u00fd uchoval sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o posledn\u00edch chv\u00edl\u00edch otce Kolbeho. Ten uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201c<em>kdy\u017e dozorci p\u0159i\u0161li na kontrolu a otev\u0159eli celu, ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00edci plakali a prosili o j\u00eddlo a vodu. Nedostali v\u0161ak nikdy nic. Kdy\u017e m\u011bl n\u011bkter\u00fd v\u011bze\u0148 je\u0161t\u011b trochu sil a p\u0159i\u0161el a\u017e ke dve\u0159\u00edm, eses\u00e1ci ho zml\u00e1tili, nebo zast\u0159elili. Otec Kolbe se o nic neprosil, ani si na nic nest\u011b\u017eoval. Dod\u00e1val ostatn\u00edm odvahu a jakoby zm\u011bnil bunkr smrti na chr\u00e1m, denn\u011b tam byly sly\u0161et hlasit\u00e9 modlitby, r\u016f\u017eence a zp\u011bvy. Jeliko\u017e um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed trvalo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho po 14 dnech byl usmrcen injekc\u00ed kyseliny fenolov\u00e9.\u201d<\/em> Tolik kr\u00e1tce o tom,&nbsp; kdo byl tento mu\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Ale co odpov\u011bd\u011bt na to, jak\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed n\u00e1m zanechal pro dne\u0161n\u00ed modern\u00ed&nbsp;dobu? Otec Kolbe nemusel nab\u00eddnout sv\u016fj \u017eivot za jin\u00e9ho, mohl z\u016fstat st\u00e1t n\u011bkde vzadu v tichu a doufat, \u017ee to peklo koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. Tak by se asi zachovala v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, proto\u017ee uchov\u00e1n\u00ed si sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota je jedn\u00edm z nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch pud\u016f. Ale ne tak pro otce Kolbeho. Ten jako by sly\u0161el Je\u017ei\u0161ovo slova <em>\u201cNebo\u0165 kdo by cht\u011bl zachr\u00e1nit sv\u016fj \u017eivot, ten o n\u011bj p\u0159ijde; kdo v\u0161ak ztrat\u00ed sv\u016fj \u017eivot pro mne, nalezne jej. Jak\u00fd prosp\u011bch bude m\u00edt \u010dlov\u011bk, z\u00edsk\u00e1-li cel\u00fd sv\u011bt, ale sv\u016fj \u017eivot ztrat\u00ed? A za\u010d z\u00edsk\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk sv\u016fj \u017eivot zp\u011bt?\u201d&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1me d\u00edky Bohu velk\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, na rozd\u00edl od otce Kolbeho, generace na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f nebo nap\u0159. od lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch dnes na Ukrajin\u011b, v Izraeli nebo jin\u00fdch neklidn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta, \u017ee v boji proti zlu nemus\u00edme nasazovat doslova sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed \u017eivoty. Ale i kdy\u017e nejsme konfrontov\u00e1ni s nal\u00e9havou hrozbou sv\u00e9&nbsp;smrti, uv\u011bdomme si, \u017ee ji stejn\u011b nikdo d\u0159\u00edv nebo pozd\u011bji neunikne. Na\u0161e sobectv\u00ed a lp\u011bn\u00ed na tomto sv\u011bt\u011b n\u00e1s nezachr\u00e1n\u00ed, ale vede p\u0159ed Bohem do z\u00e1huby v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9&nbsp;smrti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017eivot inspirovan\u00fd sobectv\u00edm, je u\u017e dop\u0159edu mrtv\u00fd, nav\u017edy ztracen\u00fd. Naleznou \u017eivot, znamen\u00e1 milovat a\u017e do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee daruji sv\u016fj \u017eivot pro toho, kter\u00fd m\u011b miloval a vykoupil na Golgot\u011b. Darovat sv\u016fj \u017eivot Kristu, neznamen\u00e1 nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e darovat ho druh\u00fdm. Zadarmo jsme ho dostali a zadarmo jej taky d\u00e1vejme t\u011bm, kdo je\u0161t\u011b nemaj\u00ed s\u00edlu ho pro Krista ztratit. Jen skrze tuto na\u0161i ob\u011b\u0165 m\u016f\u017ee B\u016fh p\u016fsobit ve sv\u011bt\u011b a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et do n\u011bj Svou l\u00e1sku a milosrdenstv\u00ed. To je t\u00edm poselstv\u00edm o hled\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu a napln\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivota. To je ten odkaz sv. Maxmili\u00e1n Maria Kolbe pro dne\u0161n\u00ed sv\u011bt. Amen<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Liturgick\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed Kdy\u017e bychom se ocitli 10.\u0159\u00edjna 1982 ve Vatik\u00e1nu na svatopetrsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, tak by n\u00e1s asi p\u0159ekvapila jedna nepatrnost. Mezi spoustami lidi p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed byl \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd se sv\u00fdm vzhledem odli\u0161oval od ostatn\u00edch. Byl to Franti\u0161ek Gajowniczek, kter\u00fd oble\u010den do v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00e9ho mund\u00faru stoj\u00ed se svou rodinou pod balk\u00f3nem, ze kter\u00e9ho pape\u017e Jan Pavle&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/?p=270\">Pokra\u010dovat ve\u00a0\u010dten\u00ed <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Pam\u00e1tka sv. Maxmili\u00e1na Kolbeho, kn\u011bze a mu\u010dedn\u00edka<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pamatky","category-promluvy","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=270"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":272,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/270\/revisions\/272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}