{"id":276,"date":"2024-08-28T12:06:32","date_gmt":"2024-08-28T10:06:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/?p=276"},"modified":"2024-08-28T12:06:32","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T10:06:32","slug":"pamatka-sv-augustina-biskupa-a-ucitele-cirkve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/?p=276","title":{"rendered":"Pam\u00e1tka sv. Augustina, biskupa a u\u010ditele c\u00edrkve"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Liturgick\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed st\u0159edu 21. t\u00fddne mezidob\u00ed n\u00e1m p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 sv\u00e1tek sv. Augustina biskupa a u\u010ditele c\u00edrkve vrcholn\u00e9 latinsk\u00e9 patristiky. Zem\u0159el b\u011bhem obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Hippa Regia Vandaly na konci srpna 430. Jeho ml\u00e1d\u00ed bylo bou\u0159liv\u00e9, \u017eil nev\u00e1zan\u00fdm \u017eivotem, m\u011bl neman\u017eelsk\u00e9ho syna. Jeho matka sv. Monika, jej\u00ed\u017e sv\u00e1tek jsme slavili v\u010dera, po cel\u00fdch 33 let \u010dekala na ten okam\u017eik, kdy se srdce jej\u00edho syna dotkne B\u016fh. To se stalo roky 387, kdy byl Augustin od biskupa Ambro\u017ee pok\u0159t\u011bn a rozhodl se pro slu\u017ebu Bohu. Byl zvolen biskupem v Hippo v severn\u00ed Africe, 34 let spravoval svoji diec\u00e9zi a zveleboval ji \u010detn\u00fdmi k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edmi a spisy, kter\u00fdmi sou\u010dasn\u011b bojoval proti soudob\u00fdm blud\u016fm a objas\u0148oval v\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tolik jen kr\u00e1tce z \u017eivota dne\u0161n\u00edho sv\u011btce. To, \u010deho bych se ale cht\u011bl dotknout, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st jeho rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho teologick\u00e9ho d\u00edla. T\u00edm je jeho pojet\u00ed zla, kter\u00e9 ch\u00e1pe jako nedostatek dobra. Podle Bible B\u016fh stvo\u0159il \u010dlov\u011bka k sv\u00e9mu obrazu a Augustin tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 jako takto stvo\u0159eni jsou dob\u0159\u00ed a tato dobrota je lidskou p\u0159irozenost\u00ed. Proto v\u0161echno dobr\u00e9, co \u010din\u00edme vych\u00e1z\u00ed z Boha. Pro\u010d tedy ale zlo re\u00e1ln\u011b ve sv\u011bt\u011b existuje? Kde se vzalo? To jsou ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e1 zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1j\u00ed lidskou mysl od nepam\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ji\u017e t\u0159et\u00ed den n\u00e1m ve ferii c\u00edrkev p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovu tvrdou \u0159e\u010d v\u016f\u010di elit\u00e1m tehdej\u0161\u00edho Izraele. To \u201cb\u011bda V\u00e1m\u201d nen\u00ed adresov\u00e1no pouze u\u010ditel\u016fm Z\u00e1kona a farize\u016fm, ale v\u0161em, kdo cht\u011bj\u00ed pod maskou dobra, p\u00e1chat zlo. Podle u\u010den\u00ed sv. Augustina se odvr\u00e1cen\u00edm od Boha st\u00e1v\u00e1me neschopni u\u010dinit n\u011bco dobr\u00e9ho.  Odklon od Boha nastane tehdy, kdy\u017e na jeho m\u00edsto postav\u00edme sv\u00e9 J\u00e1. Tak se do sv\u011bta dostalo zlo. B\u016fh zlo nestvo\u0159il, to my sv\u00fdm sobectv\u00edm ho v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b zhmot\u0148uje. Bible n\u00e1m p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 to, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem byla na\u0161e lidsk\u00e1 p\u0159irozenost po\u0161kozena d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdm h\u0159\u00edchem skrze Adama. Proto jsme po po Adamov\u011b p\u00e1du tak n\u00e1chyln\u00ed ke kon\u00e1n\u00ed zla a ovl\u00e1dat svou v\u016fl\u00ed p\u0159irozenost, d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdm h\u0159\u00edchem po\u0161kozenou, je bez Bo\u017e\u00ed milosti nemo\u017en\u00e9. P\u0159ijet\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed milosti znamen\u00e1 uv\u011bdomit si svou svou h\u0159\u00ed\u0161nost p\u0159ed Bohem, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s slovy apo\u0161tola Pavla nut\u00ed \u201cned\u011blat dobro kter\u00e9 chci, n\u00fdbr\u017e zlo kter\u00e9 nechci\u201d<\/em>. Proto je podle Augustina cel\u00fd n\u00e1\u0161 lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot pr\u00e1v\u011b bojem proti zlu, bojem proti tomu, co v lidsk\u00e9 du\u0161i ud\u011blal d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fd h\u0159\u00edch. Ale jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b pochopit \u00fa\u010dinky d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00edchu na \u010dlov\u011bka?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve dvac\u00e1t\u00e9m stolet\u00ed se o to pokusil Carl Gustav Jung, zakladatel analytick\u00e9 psychologie, kter\u00fd do antropologie zanesl fenom\u00e9n lidsk\u00e9ho v\u011bdom\u00ed a nev\u011bdom\u00ed. Navazuje na Augustinovo pojet\u00ed dobra a zla a sna\u017e\u00ed se ho konfrontovat s poznatky modern\u00ed psychologie. Naz\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fd h\u0159\u00edch, onu \u0161patnost, kter\u00e1 je na du\u0161i vid\u011bt, st\u00ednem. St\u00edn je pr\u00e1v\u011b ta oblast nev\u011bdom\u00ed, jeho\u017e obsahy jsou dobr\u00e9 a \u0161patn\u00e9. Je tam obsa\u017eeno v\u0161echno to, co na\u0161e v\u011bdom\u00ed jako mor\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161patn\u00e9 zavrhlo, kam je vyt\u011bsnilo lidsk\u00e9 j\u00e1, po konfrontaci s mor\u00e1lkou spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s je p\u0159ece zat\u00ed\u017een a ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n t\u00edm, co pro\u017eil ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, hlavn\u011b v d\u011btstv\u00ed. Proto je pro zdrav\u00fd v\u00fdvoj jedince tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 rodina. To, kdo je n\u00e1\u0161 otec, matka, prarodi\u010de, a v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed autority, kter\u00e9 formuj\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot. Proto, pokud chceme pochopit lidsk\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, mus\u00edme se pravdiv\u011b pod\u00edvat na to, co \u017eivot lidsk\u00e9ho jedince formovalo. Byla to l\u00e1ska, spravedlnost, \u00facta, odpov\u011bdnost, a p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsnost nebo prav\u00fd opak, pouh\u00fd st\u00edn toho v\u0161eho? Ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s si nese sv\u016fj st\u00edn ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b a \u010dlov\u011bk kolikr\u00e1t nechce vid\u011bt  vlastn\u00ed chyby. Ale kdo dok\u00e1\u017ee pohl\u00e9dnout do zrcadla sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed du\u0161e, m\u016f\u017ee spat\u0159it skute\u010dn\u011b s\u00e1m sebe a ne jen masku, kterou ukazujeme sv\u011btu a sob\u011b, abychom byli sami sob\u011b snesiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ale un\u00e9st s\u00e1m sebe ve sv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti, je mo\u017en\u00e9 jenom skrze Bo\u017e\u00ed milost a skrze k\u0159\u00ed\u017e na\u0161e Spasitele. To je ta cesta, o kter\u00e9 mluv\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed Syn: \u201eKdo chce j\u00edt za mnou, zap\u0159i s\u00e1m sebe, vezmi sv\u016fj k\u0159\u00ed\u017e a n\u00e1sleduj mne\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farizeov\u00e9 a Z\u00e1kon\u00edci maj\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed a znalosti kdo je B\u016fh, ale Bohu neslou\u017e\u00ed. Jsou ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00fdchou ve svou jedine\u010dnost a vyj\u00edme\u010dnost. Takov\u00e9 je jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo nen\u00ed pravdiv\u00fd, kdy\u017e jeho \u0159e\u010d a skutky jsou v nesouladu. I dne\u0161n\u00ed sv\u011bt jakoby p\u0159ijal tuto vizi. Jako by nikomu nez\u00e1le\u017eelo na tom, co je pravda. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je jen ob\u00edlen\u00fd venek. Dne\u0161n\u00ed spole\u010dnost propad\u00e1 pasivit\u011b a ne\u010dinnosti a nez\u00e1jmem o to, co je uvnit\u0159, co nen\u00ed vid\u011bt na prvn\u00ed pohled. Sv\u011bt chce b\u00fdt klam\u00e1n. Rad\u011bji si um\u00fdv\u00e1me ruce podobn\u011b jako Pil\u00e1t a nekon\u00e1me dobro, kter\u00e9  m\u00e1me konat. A to ze strachu o sebe, o sv\u00e9 postaven\u00ed o sv\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 jm\u00e9no a jen potvrzujeme, \u017ee zlo je opravdu nedostatkem dobra. M\u011bjme na pam\u011bti, \u017ee na\u0161eho Spasitele, a\u017e se s n\u00edm tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 setk\u00e1me v den posledn\u00ed, nebude zaj\u00edmat nic jin\u00e9ho, jen to, kolik dobra jsme mohli ud\u011blat a neud\u011blali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A tak z\u00e1v\u011brem V\u00e1m sestry a brat\u0159i a i s\u00e1m sob\u011b p\u0159eji, bojujme s t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm se n\u00e1s na\u0161e nev\u011bdom\u00ed a na\u0161e t\u011blesnost sna\u017e\u00ed ovl\u00e1dat. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den s neutuchaj\u00edc\u00edm z\u00e1palem bojujme s \u010f\u00e1blem o svou du\u0161i. Nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 vyhr\u00e1t tento z\u00e1pas nad sv\u00fdm st\u00ednem, nad sebou sam\u00fdm. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se n\u00e1m to ani kolikr\u00e1t nepovede. Ale ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo si p\u0159ipust\u00ed svou slabost, ubohost a h\u0159\u00ed\u0161nost, tak dost\u00e1v\u00e1 Bo\u017e\u00ed milost, kter\u00e1 skrze Krista nakonec dok\u00e1\u017ee tuto bitvu na \u017eivot a smrt vyhr\u00e1t. Nebojme se, je-li B\u016fh s n\u00e1mi, kdo proti n\u00e1m? Amen<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Liturgick\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed Dne\u0161n\u00ed st\u0159edu 21. t\u00fddne mezidob\u00ed n\u00e1m p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 sv\u00e1tek sv. Augustina biskupa a u\u010ditele c\u00edrkve vrcholn\u00e9 latinsk\u00e9 patristiky. Zem\u0159el b\u011bhem obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Hippa Regia Vandaly na konci srpna 430. Jeho ml\u00e1d\u00ed bylo bou\u0159liv\u00e9, \u017eil nev\u00e1zan\u00fdm \u017eivotem, m\u011bl neman\u017eelsk\u00e9ho syna. Jeho matka sv. Monika, jej\u00ed\u017e sv\u00e1tek jsme slavili v\u010dera, po cel\u00fdch 33 let \u010dekala na ten… Pokra\u010dovat ve\u00a0\u010dten\u00ed Pam\u00e1tka sv. Augustina, biskupa a u\u010ditele c\u00edrkve<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,12,17,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-21-tyden","category-mezidobi","category-pamatky","category-promluvy","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=276"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":277,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/276\/revisions\/277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zvonicek.name\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}